There is a long, bipartisan history of attempts to rein in spending and address concerns about government inefficiencies, though the parties have grown increasingly divided about what to cut.

U.S. District Court Chief Judge John J. McConnell Jr. is expected to rule shortly on whether to block the federal funding freeze.

The Trump administration’s biggest swing at radically reshaping federal spending lasted just under 45 hours. A sweeping freeze on trillions in federal spending for grants and loans, issued Monday night by the White House budget office to federal agencies without fanfare,